The former leads to manipulation of the divine for human ends, the latter to grateful human submission to the divine ends. To “hold fast” (dabaq) to Yahweh is typical Deuteronomic terminology (e.g., Deut. 4:4; 10:20; 11:22; Josh. 22:5; 2 Kgs. 18:6). In everyday language it means to “stick” (2 Sam. 23:10) or “stick close” (Ruth 2:8, 21). “Sticking” to Yahweh implies a bond of intimacy resulting in love, service, respect, and obedience. The past tense “I have taught you” is interesting. Clearly
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